10.5 Manola Antonioli – Écologie et anthropologie

The article aims at exploring the contemporary transformations of the modern dichotomy between Nature and Culture, on the border between the philosophy and the anthropology. An essential stage in the recent history of the anthropology of the nature was the publication of the Philippe Descola’s Par-delà nature et culture, the main contribution of which consisted in proposing a new method of approach relationships between nature and society, as our modern and western vision of the world centred on a «large house in two superimposed levels» begins to reveal its limits. We find an ecological way of thinking also in the works of the philosopher Edgar Morin and in the sociology of the techniques of Bruno Latour. At the level of the anthropology, the most interesting perspectives are (in our opinion) the ones opened by the «cannibal anthropology» of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, which tries to exceed the stiff frame of the structuralism (which still join Philippe Descola’s searches) to borrow from the Amerindian thought the requirement of a perspectivisme and a multinaturalism which could allow a new transversalité of the anthropology and the philosophy, «the alliance of demons» for which Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari already wished in 1980 in Mille plateaux.

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